CO2 extraction uses carbon dioxide under pressure as a solvent to pull cannabinoids and terpenes from cannabis. Under the right temperature and pressure, CO2 becomes "supercritical," acting like both a gas and a liquid, which lets it move through plant material and dissolve the compounds extractors want.
When the pressure is released, the CO2 turns back into a gas and largely leaves the extract behind. Because CO2 is non-flammable and leaves little residue, the method is widely used in the food industry, for example to decaffeinate coffee.
In cannabis, CO2 oil is common in vape carts and as a starting point for distillate, tinctures and edibles. Extractors can adjust temperature and pressure to target different compounds, and some collect terpenes separately and add them back.
CO2 extracts are often less flavorful than live hydrocarbon extracts because some terpenes are lost or separated during the process, though methods keep improving. The equipment is expensive, which is why it is mostly used by larger producers.
As with any extract, look at the COA for potency and contaminant screening. Ask our staff how a particular product was made if it is not on the label.